Betaine, e mōhiotia ana ko te tote ā-roto glycine trimethyl, he matū taiao kore-paitini, kore-kino hoki, he alkaloid amine quaternary. He karaihe ma, he rite ki te rau, he tauira ngota ngota c5h12no2, ko te taumaha ngota ngota he 118 me te ira rewa o te 293 ℃. He reka te reka, ā, he rite ki ngā huaora. He kaha te pupuri i te makuku, ā, he ngāwari ki te mimiti i te makuku me te mimiti i te pāmahana rūma. Ko te momo waikura ka wairewa i roto i te wai, te methanol me te ethanol, ā, he paku wairewa i roto i te ether. He kaha te hanganga matū o te Betaine, ka taea te tu atu i te pāmahana teitei o te 200 ℃, ā, he kaha te ātete ki te waikura. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahaubetaineka taea te whakakapi i te methionine i roto i te pākia o te tinana o te kararehe.

Betaineka taea te whakakapi katoa i te methionine i roto i te tukunga o te methyl. I tetahi taha, ka whakamahia te methionine hei matū hei hanga pūmua, ā, i tetahi atu taha, ka whai wāhi ia ki te pākia o te methyl hei kaituku methyl.BetaineKa taea te whakatairanga i te mahi a te betaine homocysteine ​​methyltransferase i roto i te ate, me te tuku tahi i te methyl hohe, kia taea ai te methylation o te methionine demethylation homocysteine ​​hei hanga methionine mai i te tīmatanga, kia taea ai te tuku tonu i te methyl mō te pākia o te tinana me te iti o te methionine hei kawe me te betaine hei pūtake methyl. Kātahi, ka whakamahia te nuinga o te methionine hei hanga pūmua, ka taea te penapena methionine me te whakamahi i te mana. I te wā kotahi, ka pakaruhia anō te betaine i muri i te methylation hei hanga serine me te glycine, kātahi ka whakanui ake i te kukū o ngā waikawa amino i roto i te toto (kamoun, 1986).

I whakanuia e te Betaine te nui o te methionine, te serine me te glycine i roto i te toto. He rite tonu ngā pānga whakamātautau a Puchala me ētahi atu ki ngā hipi. Ka taea e te Betaine te tāpiri i ngā waikawa amino pēnei i te arginine, te methionine, te leucine me te glycine i roto i te toto me te tapeke o ngā waikawa amino i roto i te toto, kātahi ka pā ki te whakaputanga o te auxin;BetaineTērā pea ka whakatairanga i te hurihanga o te waikawa aspartic ki te waikawa n-methylaspartic (NMA) mā te kaha o te pākia o te methyl, ā, ka taea e te NMA te pā ki te hanganga me te tukunga o te auxin i roto i te hypothalamus, kātahi ka pā ki te taumata o te auxin i roto i te tinana.