Pērā i te choline me te methionine, kei roto te Betaine i te pākia o te rōpū methyl i roto i te ate, ā, ka tukuna tōna rōpū methyl koretake hei hanga i ētahi matū whai tikanga pākia pērā i te carnitine, te creatine me ngā homoni (Tirohia te Pikitia 1).

 

He hononga te choline, te methionine me te betaine i roto i te pākia o te rōpū methyl. Nō reira, mā te tāpiri i te betaine ka taea te whakaiti i ngā hiahia mō ēnei atu kaituku rōpū methyl. Nō reira, ko tētahi o ngā whakamahinga rongonui o te betaine i roto i te whāngai kararehe ko te whakakapi (wāhanga o te) choline chloride me te tāpiri i te methionine ki te kai. I runga i ngā utu mākete, ko ēnei whakakapinga ka penapena i ngā utu whāngai, me te pupuri tonu i ngā hua pai.

Ina whakamahia te betaine hei whakakapi i ētahi atu methyldonors, ka whakamahia te betaine hei taonga hokohoko, ko te tikanga ka rerekē te horopeta o te betaine i roto i te hanganga whāngai, ā, ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā utu o ngā matū e pā ana pērā i te choline me te methionine. Heoi, ehara i te mea he matūkai tuku methyl anake te betaine, ā, me whakaaro te whakaurunga o te betaine ki roto i te whāngai hei huarahi hei whakapai ake i te mahi.

Betaine hei osmoprotectant

Haunga tōna mahi hei methyldonor, ka mahi te betaine hei osmoregulator. Ina kore te betaine e pākia e te ate i roto i te pākia o te rōpū methyl, ka wātea mai mō ngā pūtau hei whakamahi hei osmolyte waro.

Hei osmolyte, ka whakanui ake te betaine i te pupuri wai ā-roto, engari hei tāpiri, ka tiaki anō hoki i ngā hanganga pūtau pēnei i ngā pūmua, ngā whākōkī me te DNA. He mea tino nui tēnei āhuatanga tiaki-osmo o te betaine mō ngā pūtau e pāngia ana e te ahotea (osmotic). Nā te pikinga ake o te kukū betaine ā-roto, ka taea e ngā pūtau e ahotea ana te tiaki pai ake i ā rātou mahi pūtau pēnei i te hanga whākōkī, te tāruarua DNA me te tipu pūtau. Nā te pai ake o te tiakitanga o te mahi pūtau, tera pea ka taea e te betaine te whakapai ake i te mahi a te kararehe, inā koa i raro i ngā āhuatanga ahotea motuhake (ahotea wera, wero coccidiosis, tote wai, me ētahi atu). Kua whakamātauhia te whai hua o te tāpiritanga o te betaine ki te kai i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē me ngā momo kararehe rerekē.

Ngā pānga pai o te betaine

Ko te āhuatanga tino rangahauhia mō ngā pānga pai o te betaine ko te ahotea wera. He maha ngā kararehe e noho ana i ngā pāmahana taiao e nui ake ana i tō rātou rohe whakamarie wera, ka hua ake te ahotea wera.

He āhuatanga noa te ahotea wera e tika ana kia whakahaerea e ngā kararehe te taurite wai. Mā tōna kaha ki te mahi hei osmolyte tiaki, ka whakamama te betaine i te ahotea wera e tohuhia ana e te iti o te pāmahana o te pūkahukahu me te iti o te whanonga hāngū i roto i ngā heihei heihei.

Mā te whakaiti i te ahotea wera i roto i ngā kararehe ka whakatairanga i tā rātou kai, ā, ka āwhina i te pupuri i te mahi. Ehara i te mea ko ngā kau heihei anake, engari ko ngā kau whānau, ngā kau kau, ngā rāpeti, ngā kau miraka me ngā kau kau, e whakaatu ana ngā pūrongo i ngā painga o te betaine ki te pupuri i te mahi i te wā wera me te haumākū nui. Hei tautoko i te hauora o te puku, ka taea e te betaine te āwhina. Ka tū tonu ngā pūtau puku ki te ihirangi hyperosmotic o te puku, ā, ki te pāngia e te mate korere, ka nui ake te wero osmotic mō ēnei pūtau. He mea nui te Betaine mō te tiaki osmotic o ngā pūtau puku.

Mā te pupuri i te taurite wai me te rahinga pūtau mā te kohikohinga o te betaine i roto i te tinana ka pai ake te āhua o te puku (ngā villi teitei ake) me te pai ake o te nakunaku (nā te pai o te pupuri i te whakaputanga whākōkī me te mata nui ake mō te mimiti matūkai). Ko ngā pānga pai o te betaine ki te hauora o te puku ka tino kitea i roto i ngā kararehe e pāngia ana e te mate pukupuku: hei tauira, te heihei me te coccidiosis me ngā poaka e whakamutu ana i te whāngai.

E mōhiotia ana hoki te Betaine hei whakarerekē i te tinana. He maha ngā mahi a te betaine i roto i te pākia o te pūmua, te pūngao me te ngako o ngā kararehe. I roto i te heihei me te poaka, he nui ake te hua mīti ū me te hua mīti kikokore, e ai ki te maha o ngā rangahau pūtaiao. Ko te nekenekehanga o te ngako ka hua ake he iti ake te ngako o ngā tinana, ka pai ake te kounga o te tinana.

Betaine hei whakarei ake i te mahi

Ko ngā pānga pai katoa o te betaine e whakaatu ana i te hiranga o tēnei matūkai. Nō reira, me whakaaro te tāpiri i te betaine ki te kai, ehara i te mea hei taonga hei whakakapi i ētahi atu methyldonators me te penapena i ngā utu whāngai anake, engari hei tāpiri mahi hoki hei tautoko i te hauora me te mahi a ngā kararehe.

Ko te rerekētanga i waenga i ēnei whakamahinga e rua ko te horopeta. Hei methyldonor, ka whakamahia te betaine ki te whāngai i ngā horopeta o te 500ppm, iti iho rānei. Hei whakarei ake i te mahi, ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia te betaine o te 1000 ki te 2000ppm. Ko ēnei horopeta teitei ake ka hua ake he betaine kāore i te pākia, e rere ana i roto i te tinana o ngā kararehe, e wātea ana mō te tango a ngā pūtau hei tiaki i a rātou mai i te ahotea (osmotic) me te tautoko i te hauora me te mahi a ngā kararehe.

Whakamutunga

He rerekē ngā whakamahinga o te Betaine mō ngā momo kararehe rerekē. I roto i te whāngai kararehe, ka taea te whakamahi i te betaine hei taonga hei penapena utu mō ngā whāngai, engari ka taea hoki te whakauru ki roto i te kai hei whakapai ake i te hauora o ngā kararehe me te whakarei ake i te mahi. Ina koa i ēnei rā, e ngana ana tātou ki te whakaiti i te whakamahinga o ngā paturopi, he mea nui te tautoko i te hauora o ngā kararehe. He tika te whai wāhi o te Betaine ki roto i te rārangi o ngā matū koiora rerekē hei tautoko i te hauora o ngā kararehe.