He maha ngā tauhohenga ahotea e pā kino ana ki te whāngai me te tipu o ngā kararehe wai, e whakaiti ana i te tere oranga, ā, ka mate pea. Mā te tāpiri i te betaine ki te whāngai ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te kai a ngā kararehe wai i raro i te mate, i te ahotea rānei, ka pupuri i te kai totika me te whakaiti i ētahi āhuatanga mate, i ngā tauhohenga ahotea rānei.

Ka taea e te Betaine te āwhina i te hāmana ki te ātete i te ahotea makariri i raro i te 10 ℃, ā, he tāpiringa kai pai mō ētahi ika i te takurua. Ko ngā tipu kāpa tarutaru i haria mō te tawhiti i whakanohoia ki roto i ngā roto A me B me ngā āhuatanga ōrite. I tāpirihia te 0.3% betaine ki te kai kāpa tarutaru i te roto a, ā, kāore i tāpirihia te betaine ki te kai kāpa tarutaru i te roto B. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua he kaha ngā tipu kāpa tarutaru i roto i te wai, he tere te kai, ā, kāore i mate; ko ngā parai i te roto B i ata kai, ā, ko te mate he 4.5%, e tohu ana he pānga ārai ahotea te betaine.

He matū ārai te Betaine mō te ahotea osmotic. Ka taea te whakamahi hei kaihoko tiaki osmotic mō ngā pūtau. Ka taea e ia te whakapai ake i te manawanui o ngā pūtau koiora ki te tauraki, te haumākū nui, te tote nui me te taiao hypertonic, te ārai i te ngaronga wai pūtau me te urunga tote, te whakapai ake i te mahi a te papu Na-K o te kiriuhi pūtau, te whakaū i te mahi whākōkī me te mahi macromolecular koiora, kia taea ai te whakahaere i te pēhanga osmotic o te kiko me te pūtau me te taurite katote, te pupuri i te mahi mimiti matūkai, te whakarei ake i te manawanui o ngā ika me ngā kōura ina huri tere te pēhanga osmotic, me te whakapai ake i te tere kōrero.

He tino teitei te kukū o ngā tote kore-waro i roto i te wai moana, kāore e pai mō te tipu me te oranga o ngā ika. E whakaatu ana te whakamātautau o te kāpa mā te tāpiri i te 1.5% betaine / waikawa amino ki te mōunu ka taea te whakaiti i te wai i roto i te uaua o ngā ika wai māori, ā, ka whakaroa i te koroheketanga o ngā ika wai māori. Ina piki ake te kukū o te tote kore-waro i roto i te wai (pērā i te wai moana), he pai ki te pupuri i te taurite o te electrolyte me te pēhanga osmotic o ngā ika wai māori, ā, ka pai ake te whakawhiti mai i te ika wai māori ki te taiao wai māori. Ka āwhina te Betaine i ngā rauropi moana ki te pupuri i te kukū iti o te tote i roto i ō rātou tinana, te whakakī tonu i te wai, te whai wāhi ki te whakahaere osmotic, ā, ka taea e ngā ika wai māori te urutau ki te huringa ki te taiao wai māori.