BetaineHe momo tāpiri kore-kai tēnei, he rite tonu ki te kai i ngā tipu me ngā kararehe i roto i ngā kararehe wai, ko te nui o ngā matū hangai, ngā matū tango rānei, he maha ngā wā ka hangaia he matū kukume e rua, neke atu rānei ngā matū, ā, ka hono tahi ēnei matū ki te whāngai kararehe wai, mā te kakara me te reka o ngā kararehe wai me te whakaoho tirohanga, pērā i te hunga e huihui ana ki te whāngai, ka tere ake te kai me te whakanui ake i te kai.

Mā te tāpiri i te betaine ki te kai kōura ka taea te whakapoto i te 1/3 ki te 1/2 o te wā whāngai, ā, ka nui ake te kai a te macrobrachium rosenbergii. He mārama te pānga o te betaine ki ngā kāpa me ngā anteater unahi mohoao o ngā kai kei roto, engari kāore i kitea he pānga mō te kai kāpa tarutaru. Ka taea hoki e te betaine te whakarei ake i te reka o ētahi atu waikawa amino ki ngā ika, me te whakarei ake i te pānga o ngā waikawa amino. Ka taea e te betaine te whakanui ake i te hiahia kai, te whakapakari i te ātete mate me te ārai mate, me te whakakapi i te whakahekenga o te kai a te ika me te kōura i raro i te ahotea.

He matūkai nui te Choline mō ngā kararehe. Ka whakaratohia e ia ngā rōpū methyl i roto i te tinana hei whai wāhi atu ki ngā tauhohenga pākia. I ngā tau tata nei, kua kitea e ngā rangahau ka taea hoki e te betaine te whakarato i ngā rōpū methyl mō te tinana, ā, ko te whai huatanga o te betaine ki te whakarato i ngā rōpū methyl he 2.3 ngā wā i te choline chloride, ka nui ake te whai huatanga o te kaituku methyl. I muri i ngā rā 150, kua piki ake te roa toharite o te tinana o te macrobrachium rosenbergii mā te 27.63%, ā, kua heke te ōwehenga tahuritanga kai mā te 8% i te wā i whakakapia ai te betaine ki te choline chloride. Ka taea e te Betaine te whakapai ake i te waikura o ngā waikawa ngako i roto i ngā pūtau, ngā mitochondria, ā, ka whakapai ake i te ihirangi o te ester acyl carnitine mekameka roa me te ester acyl carnitine mekameka roa me te ōwehenga o te carnitine kore utu, ka whakatairanga i te pirau ngako, ka whakaiti i te whakatakotoranga ngako o te ate me te tinana, ka whakatairanga i te hanganga pūmua, ka tohatoha anō i te ngako o te tinana, ka whakaiti i te auau o te ate ngako.