Kei te whakamātautau tonuhia ngā momo rautaki kai hei whakapai ake i te kounga mīti o ngā heihei tunua. He āhuatanga motuhake tō te Betaine hei whakapai ake i te kounga mīti nā te mea he mahi nui tāna ki te whakahaere i te taurite osmotic, te pākia o ngā matūkai me te kaha antioxidant o ngā heihei tunua. Engari i roto i tehea āhua me whakarato hei whakamahi i ōna painga katoa?

I roto i tētahi rangahau hou i whakaputaina i roto i te Poultry Science, i ngana ngā kairangahau ki te whakautu i te pātai i runga ake nei mā te whakataurite i te tipu o te heihei parai me te kounga mīti ki ngā momo e rua obetaine: te betaine kore wai me te betaine hauwaiora.

Ko te nuinga o te wā, ko te Betaine he tāpiringa whāngai i roto i te āhua parakore matū. Ko ngā momo betaine whāngai tino rongonui ko te betaine kore wai me te betaine hydrochloride. Nā te pikinga ake o te kai mīti heihei, kua whakauruhia ngā tikanga ahuwhenua kaha ki te whakaputa heihei hei whakapai ake i te hua. Heoi, tera pea ka pā kino tēnei whakaputanga kaha ki ngā heihei, pērā i te oranga ngoikore me te kounga mīti kua heke.

He huarahi whai hua hei whakakapi i te paturopi i roto i te heihei

Ko te whakahē e rite ana, ko te whakapai ake i ngā paerewa oranga te tikanga ka tumanako ngā kaihoko ki te reka ake me te kounga ake o ngā hua mīti. Nō reira, he maha ngā rautaki kai kua whakamātauhia hei whakapai ake i te kounga mīti o ngā heihei tunu kai, ā, kua aro nuihia te betaine nā ōna mahi kai me te āhua tinana.

Korewai me te hauwaiora

Ko ngā pūtake noa o te betaine ko ngā pīti huka me ōna hua taha, pērā i te molasses. Heoi anō, kei te wātea hoki te betaine hei tāpiringa whāngai me ngā momo whāngai rongonui.betainehe betaine waikore me te betaine hauwaiora.

I te nuinga o te wā, he mea nui te betaine, hei kaituku methyl, ki te whakahaere i te taurite osmotic, te pākia o ngā matūkai me te kaha antioxidant o ngā heihei tunu kai. Nā te rerekētanga o ngā hanganga ngota, he nui ake te wairewa o te betaine korewai i roto i te wai ki te betaine hydrochloride, ā, ka piki ake tōna kaha osmotic. I tetahi atu taha, ka heke te pH o te kopu i roto i te kopu e te hydrochloride betaine, ā, ka pā pea ki te mimiti matūkai i roto i te āhua rerekē i te betaine korewai.

Ngā kai

Ko te whāinga o tēnei rangahau he tirotiro i te pānga o ngā momo betaine e rua (betaine kore wai me te betaine hydrochloride) ki te tipu, te kounga mīti me te kaha ārai mate o ngā heihei parai. E 400 ngā heihei toa hou kua pao i wehea matapōkeretia kia 5 ngā rōpū, ā, i whāngaihia ki ngā kai e 5 i roto i te whakamātautau whāngai 52-rā.

I hangaia ngā pūtake betaine e rua kia ōrite te nui. Ko ngā kai penei.
Mana Whakahaere: I whāngaihia ngā heihei parai i roto i te rōpū whakahaere ki te kai taketake o te kānga me te pīni soya.
Kai betaine kore wai: He kai taketake e tāpirihia ana ki ngā taumata kukū e rua o te 500 me te 1,000 mg/kg betaine kore wai
Kai hauwaioraiti betaine: He kai turanga e tāpirihia ana ki ngā taumata kukū e rua, arā, 642.23 me 1284.46 mg/kg hauwaioraiti betaine.

Te kaha o te tipu me te hua o te mīti

I roto i tēnei rangahau, ko te kai i tāpirihia ki te betaine anhydrous horopeta teitei i tino whakapai ake i te pikinga o te taumaha, te kai e kainga ana, te whakaiti i te FCR me te whakanui ake i te hua o te uaua o te ū me te huha i te whakataurite ki ngā rōpū mana whakahaere me ngā rōpū betaine hydrochloride. I honoa anō hoki te pikinga o te mahi tipu ki te pikinga o te whakatakotoranga pūmua i kitea i roto i te uaua o te ū: Ko te betaine anhydrous horopeta teitei i tino whakapiki ake (mā te 4.7%) te ihirangi pūmua mata i roto i te uaua o te ū, i te mea ko te betaine hydrochloride horopeta teitei i whakapiki ake i te ihirangi pūmua mata o te uaua o te ū (mā te 3.9%).

I whakaarohia pea ko tēnei pānga nā te mea ka taea e te betaine te whai wāhi ki te huringa methionine hei penapena i te methionine mā te mahi hei kaituku methyl, nō reira ka taea te whakamahi i te methionine mō te hanga pūmua uaua. I tukuna anō te whakaaro ki te mahi a te betaine ki te whakahaere i te whakaaturanga ira myogenic me te ara tohu insulin-like growth factor-1 e pai ake ai te pikinga o te whakatakotoranga pūmua uaua.

I tua atu, i whakamāramahia ko te reka o te betaine kore wai, ko te hydrochloride betaine ia he kawa, ka pā pea tēnei ki te reka o te kai me te kai a ngā heihei. Heoi anō, ko te tukanga nakunaku me te mimiti o ngā matūkai e whakawhirinaki ana ki te epithelium o te puku e ora ana, nō reira ko te kaha osmotic o te betaine ka pā pai ki te nakunaku. He pai ake te kaha osmotic o te betaine kore wai i te hydrochloride betaine nā te mea he nui ake te wairewa. Nō reira, ko ngā heihei e whāngaihia ana ki te betaine kore wai, tera pea he pai ake te nakunaku i ērā e whāngaihia ana ki te hydrochloride betaine.

Ko te glycolysis anaerobic uaua i muri i te matenga me te kaha antioxidant e rua ngā tohu nui mō te kounga o te mīti. I muri i te whakaheke toto, ka huri te pūnaha io o te uaua i te mutunga o te tuku hāora. Kātahi ka puta te glycolysis anaerobic, ā, ka piki ake te waikawa lactic.

I roto i tēnei rangahau, i tino whakaitihia te nui o te lactate i roto i te uaua o te ū nā te kai i tāpirihia ki te betaine anhydrous horopeta nui. Ko te kohi waikawa lactic te take matua o te hekenga o te pH uaua i muri i te patunga. Ko te pH uaua ū teitei ake me te tāpiringa betaine horopeta nui i roto i tēnei rangahau i kī ai ka pā pea te betaine ki te glycolysis uaua i muri i te matenga hei whakaiti i te kohi lactate me te denaturation pūmua, ka whakaitihia ai te ngaronga o te maturuturunga.

Ko te waikura o te mīti, inā koa ko te waikura o te ngako, he take nui mō te hekenga o te kounga o te mīti, ka whakaiti i te uara kai, ā, ka raru hoki te kakano. I roto i tēnei rangahau, i whakaitihia e te kai i tāpirihia ki te betaine nui te nui o te MDA i roto i ngā uaua o te ū me te huha, e tohu ana ka taea e te betaine te whakaiti i te kino waikura.

I piki ake te whakapuakanga mRNA o ngā ira ārai-pūmua (Nrf2 me HO-1) i roto i te rōpū betaine waikore i tērā i te rōpū i kai i te kai betaine hydrochloride, ā, he rite tēnei ki te whakapainga nui ake o te kaha ārai-pūmua uaua.

Te horopeta kua tūtohutia

Mai i tēnei rangahau, i whakatau ngā kairangahau he pai ake ngā pānga o te betaine waikore i te betaine hydrochloride ki te whakapai ake i te tipu me te hua o te uaua o te uma i roto i ngā heihei parai. Ka taea hoki e te tāpiringa betaine waikore (1,000 mg/kg) me te tāpiringa equimolar hydrochloride betaine te whakapai ake i te kounga mīti o ngā heihei parai mā te whakaiti i te ihirangi lactate hei whakanui ake i te pH mutunga o te uaua, te awe i te tohatoha wai mīti hei whakaiti i te ngaronga maturuturu, me te whakarei ake i te kaha ārai mate uaua. I runga i te whakaaro ki te tipu me te kounga mīti, i tūtohutia te 1,000 mg/kg betaine waikore mō ngā heihei parai.