He rauemi hou, maha ngā mahi, he mea kore-oraora te waikura nano-konutea, ā, he āhuatanga ahurei kāore e taea te whakataurite e te waikura konutea tuku iho. E whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te rahi pērā i ngā pānga mata, ngā pānga rōrahi, me ngā pānga rahi matū.

Ngā Painga Matua o te TāpiriNano-Konutea Waikurahei Whāngai:

1. Teitei o te Koiora: Nā te iti o te rahi, ka taea e ngā matūriki nano-ZnO te uru ki roto i ngā āputa kiko me ngā uaua iti rawa, ka horapa whānuitia ki roto i te tinana. Mā tēnei ka whakanuia te waatea o ngā kai whāngai, ka nui ake te kaha o te koiora i ērā atu puna konutea.
2. Te Tere Ngongo Teitei: Ka whakanuia e te rahi matūriki tino angiangi te maha o ngā ngota o te mata, ka nui ake te horahanga o te mata e kitea ana, ā, ka pai ake te ngongo. Hei tauira, i whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau i runga i ngā kiore De-sai he 10–250 ngā wā teitei ake o ngā tere ngongo o ngā matūriki 100 nm i ngā matūriki nunui ake.
3. Ngā Āhuatanga Kaha mō te Ārai Mate Pūmua: Nano-ZnOHe nui te kaha o te tauhohenga matū, e āhei ai ki te whakapūkara i ngā matū waro, tae atu ki ngā wāhanga huakita, ā, ka mate te nuinga o ngā huakita me ngā huaketo. I raro i te māramatanga, ka puta he irahiko arataki me ngā kōhao arataki, e tauhohe ana ki te H₂O, ki te OH⁻ rānei kua mimitihia hei whakaputa i ngā rauropi hydroxyl tino whakapūkara e whakangaro ana i ngā pūtau. I whakaatuhia e ngā whakamātautau i te kukū 1%, i tutuki i te nano-ZnO ngā reiti patu huakita 98.86% me te 99.93% kiStaphylococcus aureusmeE. colii roto i te 5 meneti, ia.
4. Haumarutanga Tino: Kāore e puta he ātete ki ngā kararehe, ā, ka taea te mimiti i ngā paitini i puta i te wā e pirau ana te whāngai, ka ārai i ngā āhuatanga mate ina kai ngā kararehe i te kai pokepokea ai.
5. Te Whakarei Ake i te Whakahaere Ārai Mate: Ka whakaoho nui i ngā mahi ārai mate pūtau, humoral, me te kore-motuhake, ka whakapai ake i te ātete ki ngā mate i roto i ngā kararehe.
6. Te Whakaiti i te Parahanga Taiao me ngā Toenga Patupatu: Nā te whānui o te mata ka taea te mimiti i te haukini, te hauhā whanariki, te methane, ngā patupatu organophosphorus, me ngā poke rauropi i roto i te wai para. Ka taea hoki e ia te whakamahi i te mārama UV mō te whakahekenga whakaahua-whakaata, te purenga o te hau me te wai para i roto i ngā pāmu mā te pirau i ngā kakara.

Te Tūranga o te Nano-ZnO ki te Whakapai ake i te Hauora me te Tupu o ngā Kararehe:

• Whakatairanga me te Whakahaere i te Pūnaha Whakaora: Whakarei ake i te mahi whākōkī e pā ana ki te konutea, te whakaputanga homoni (hei tauira, te insulin, ngā homoni ira tangata), me te hanga pūmua mai i te konutea, ka whakapai ake i te hanga pūmua me te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga hauota me te whakaiti i te tukunga hauota.
• Whakapai ake i te Mahi Whakaputa: I roto i ngā poaka iti, mā te tāpiri i te 300 mg/kg nano-ZnO i tino whakapiki ake i te pikinga taumaha o ia rā (P < 0.05) mā te 12% ki te whakarite ki te ZnO tikanga (3000 mg/kg) me te whakaiti i te ōwehenga huringa whāngai mā te 12.68%.
• Ka whakaiti i te mate korere:Mā te tāpiritanga o te Nano-ZnO ki te whāngai poaka ka whakaitihia te mate korere, ka karohia hoki ngā toenga paturopi i roto i ngā hua kararehe.

Ngā Painga Taiao Pea:

• Te Whakaiti i ngā Tukunga Konutea: Nā te pai ake o te whakamahinga, me whakaiti te horopeta, ā, ka tino whakaiti i te parahanga o te konganuku taumaha.
• Te Whakamaemae i te Taiao Pāmu: Ka mimiti i ngā hau kino (hei tauira, te haukini) ka memeha hoki i ngā poke waro i roto i te wai para, hei tiaki i ngā taiao e karapoti ana.

Ngā Whakamahinga o nāianei i roto i te Hanga Whāngai Kararehe:

• Ngā Tikanga Whakamahinga Kanorau: Ka taea te tāpiri tika ki te whāngai, te whakaranu ki ngā mea mimiti hei ranunga tuatahi, te whakakotahi rānei me ētahi atu tāpiringa. Ko te horopeta iti rawa e whai hua ana ko te 10 mg Zn/kg whāngai. Mō ngā poaka iti, ko ngā horopeta kei waenga i te 10–300 mg Zn/kg whāngai.
• Te Whakakapinga Wāhanga o ngā Pūtake Konutea Tuku Iho: Ka taea e te Nano-ZnO te whakakapi i te konutea nui i roto i te whāngai, hei whakaiti i te mate korere o te poaka, me te whakapai ake i te tipu ki te whakataurite ki ngā pūtake konutea tuku iho (hei tauira, te konutea whanariki, te ZnO noa).
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Ngā Tirohanga ā-Mārama mō te Whakaputa Whāngai Kararehe:

• Ngā Painga o te Pūmautanga me te Utu: He tino pai te rere me te horapa o te kai, ā, ka taea te whakaranu ōrite i roto i te whāngai. Mā te iti o ngā horopeta e hiahiatia ana ka whakaitihia ngā utu whāngai (hei tauira, 10x te iti iho i te ZnO tikanga).
• Te Tiaki me te Whakakore Paitini: Mā te kaha o te mimiti o ngā rauropi kore utu me ngā ngota kakara ka roa ake te ora o te kai, ā, ka pai ake te reka. Ka whakarei ake ōna āhuatanga antioxidant i te whakakore paitini.
• Ngā Pānga Mahi Tahi ki ngā Matūkai: Ka whakaiti i te tautohetohe ki ētahi atu kohuke, ka whakapai ake hoki i te mimiti hauota mā te whakahaere i te pūmua o ngā homoni me te konutea.
• Haumarutanga Whakapai Ake: Mā te iti o ngā taumata paru ka whakaitihia te parahanga taiao me te kohikohinga para, ka tautoko i te whakaputa kararehe haumaru ake, matomato ake.

He tino pūmanawa tēnei hangarau mō te whakaputa kararehe whai hua, pumau hoki.