Ko te Betaine he glycine methyl lactone i tangohia mai i te hua o te tukatuka pīti huka. He alkaloid amine quaternary. I tapaina ko te betaine nā te mea i wehea tuatahitia mai i te molasses pīti huka. Ko te nuinga o te Betaine kei roto i te molasses o te pīti huka, ā, he mea noa i roto i ngā tipu. He kaituku methyl whai hua i roto i ngā kararehe, e whai wāhi ana ki te metabolism methyl i roto i te tinana ora, ka taea te whakakapi i tetahi wāhanga o te methionine me te choline i roto i te kai, ā, he pānga ki te whakatairanga i te whāngai me te tipu o ngā kararehe me te whakapai ake i te whakamahinga o te kai.

 

1.

Ko te kaupapa matua o te kukume kai betaine he whakaoho i te kakara me te reka o te ika me te kōura mā te whai i te reka ahurei me te hou o te ika me te kōura, kia tutuki ai te kaupapa o te kukume kai. Mā te tāpiri i te 0.5% ~ 1.5% betaine ki te kai ika, ka kaha te whakaoho i te kakara me te reka o ngā ika, kōura me ētahi atu kōura katoa, ka kaha te kukume i te kai, ka whakapai ake i te reka o te kai, ka whakapoto i te wā whāngai ka whakatairanga i te nakunaku me te mimiti, ka tere ake te tipu o te ika me te kōura, ā, ka karo i te parahanga wai i puta mai i te para kai.

2.

Ka taea e te Betaine te whakatairanga i te tipu o ngā ika me ngā kōura, te whakapakari i te ātete ki ngā mate me te ārai mate, te whakapai ake i te tere ora me te tere hurihanga kai. He pānga nui te tāpiri o te betaine ki te whakatairanga i te tipu o ngā ika taitamariki me ngā kōura, me te whakapai ake i te tere ora. I piki ake te taumaha o te taraute āniwaniwa i whāngaihia ki te betaine mā te 23.5%, ā, i heke te tauwehenga kai mā te 14.01%; I piki ake te taumaha o te hāmana Ātaratiki mā te 31.9%, ā, i heke te tauwehenga kai mā te 20.8%. I te tāpiritanga o te 0.3% ~ 0.5% betaine ki te kai whakakotahi o te kāpa 2-marama te pakeke, i piki ake te pikinga o ia rā mā te 41% ~ 49%, ā, i heke te tauwehenga kai mā te 14% ~ 24%. Mā te tāpiritanga o te 0.3% betaine parakore, matū rānei ki te kai ka taea te whakatairanga nui i te tipu o te tilapia me te whakaiti i te tauwehenga kai. I te tāpiritanga o te 1.5% betaine ki te kai o te pāpaka awa, i piki ake te taumaha kupenga o te pāpaka awa mā te 95.3%, ā, i piki ake te tauwehenga ora mā te 38%.