Te pupuhi pūhe hononga nui mō te tipu o ngā pāpaka. Me maha ngā wā e kotingotingo ai a Penaeus vannamei i roto i tōna oranga kia tutuki ai te paerewa tipu o tōna tinana.

Ⅰ、 Nga ture molting a Penaeus vannamei

Me whakamomona te tinana o Penaeus vannamei i ia wā, i ia wā, kia tutuki ai te kaupapa o te tipu. Ina eke te pāmahana o te wai ki te 28 ℃, ka whakamomona ngā kōura taitamariki i roto i ngā hāora 30 ~ 40; ko ngā kōura taitamariki e 1 ~ 5 karamu te taumaha ka whakamomona i roto i ngā rā 4 ~ 6; ko ngā kōura neke atu i te 15 karamu te taumaha, ka whakamomona i ia wiki e rua.

Ⅱ、 Te tātari i ētahi tohu me ngā take o te whakamomona

1. He maha ngā tohu o te wā whakamomona

He tino mārō te anga o te kōura, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te "kōura kiri rino". He puku kau, he puku toenga rānei. Kāore e kitea mārama te ara whekau, kua hohonu ake te tae i te mata o te tinana, ā, kua tino piki ake te tae kōwhai. Ina koa, he pango, he whero, he kōwhai ngā taha e rua o te operculum, he pupuhi, he mā, he kōwhai, he mangu ngā miro o te waha, ā, kua kapi ngā kaupae me ngā waewae i ngā ira whero. He mārama te āhua o te hepatopancreas, kāore i te pupuhi, kāore hoki i te ngoikore, ā, he mārama te āhua o te manawa, he kōwhai paru.

2. He maha ngā kiriuhi o te kōura

He kiri paparua te anga o te kōura, ka taea te tango mā te takai mārire i te kiri. He tino pakarukaru te kiri, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te "kōura kiri rua" ko te "Kōura Kirikiri" rānei. He angiangi, he nui ake te melanin i te mata o te tinana, he pupuhi me te mate o ngā miro o te wahapū, he kōwhai me te mangu te nuinga. He koretake ngā whekau me te puku, he ngoikore te ora. E takoto noa ana i te taha o te puna kaukau, e kopikopiko ana rānei i runga i te wai, e whakaatu ana i ngā tohu o te hypoxia. He tairongo ki ngā huringa taiao, he iti noa ngā huringa me te nui haere o ngā mate.

3. Ka taea te wehewehe i te tukanga whakamomona maeneene ki ngā wāhanga e toru e whai ake nei:

1) I mua i te whakamomona, e pā ana ki te wā mai i te mutunga o te whakamomona whakamutunga ki te tīmatanga o te whakamomona e whai ake nei. Ka rerekē te wā i runga i te roa o te tinana, i waenganui i te 12 me te 15 ngā rā. I tēnei wā, ko te nuinga o ngā matūkai i kohia e Penaeus vannamei, inā koa te konupūmā.

2) Te whakamomona, he torutoru hēkona noa iho ki te neke atu i te tekau meneti. He nui te kaha e pau ana i te whakamomona. Mena he ngoikore te parāoa, he kore rānei he kai e kohia ana i roto i te tinana, he maha ngā wā ka whakamomona kāore i te tino tika, ā, ka hanga he anga paparua.

3) I muri i te whakamomona, e pā ana tēnei ki te wā e huri ai te kiri hou mai i te ngohengohe ki te mārō, ā, e 2 ~ 1.5 ngā rā te roa (haunga ngā tipu kōura). I muri i te tangohanga o te anga tawhito, kāore e taea e te anga hou te whakapūmau i te wā tika, ā, ka hangaia he "kōura anga ngohengohe".

4. Ko te hekenga o te kounga o te wai me te kore kai tōtika ngā tino take o te mate

He maha ngā wā ka heke te kounga o te wai i roto i ngā roto he matotoru rawa te tae o te wai, ā, tata kore rawa te mārama. He nui ngā kiriata hinu me te maha o ngā rimurimu mate i runga i te mata o te wai, ā, i ētahi wā ka puta he haunga ika i runga i te mata o te wai. I tēnei wā, ka nui haere ngā rimurimu, ā, ka nui rawa te hāora rewa i runga i te mata o te wai i te awatea; i te pō, ka nui ngā rimurimu ka noho hei take e kai ana i te hāora, ka iti te hāora rewa i raro i te puna kaukau, ka pā ki te kai me te hurihanga o te kōura. Mō te wā roa, he tino mārō te anga.

5. Ka taea e te whakarerekētanga āhuarangi me te paitini o waho te whakakorikori i te parāoa, ā, koinei anō te take o te hanganga o te "parāoa kiri takirua" me te "parāoa anga ngohengohe".

Te Hiranga otāpiringa konupūmāi roto i te molting o Penaeus vannamei:

Ka ngaro rawa te konupūmā e rongoatia ana i roto i te tinana o te kōura. Mēnā kāore e tāpirihia te ao o waho i te wā tika, kāore e taea e Penaeus vannamei te mimiti i te konupūmā e whakaratohia ana e te wai, ā, ka ngāwari te korenga o te parauri kōura. He roa rawa te wā mārō i muri i te parauri. Mēnā ka whakaekea e te huakita, ka pāngia rānei e te taumahatanga i tēnei wā, ka tino ngāwari te mate i roto i ngā puranga. Nō reira, me tāpiri te konupūmā i roto i te wai mā ngā tikanga horihori. Ka taea e te kōura te mimiti i te konupūmā me te pūngao i roto i te wai mā te manawa me te urunga ki roto i te tinana.

Potassium diformate +konupūmā propionateHei āwhina i te whakahoromata wai me te tāpiringa konupūmā, ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa i te penaeus vannamei kia maeneene te whakamomona, engari ka aukati hoki i ngā huakita me te ātete ki te ahotea, ā, ka whakapai ake i ngā painga o te mahi pāmu kōura.