Te pāhare pākawa waro, hei tāpiringa whāngai hou, kua whakaatu i te kaha nui ki te tono i roto i teumanga ahuwhenua ikai ngā tau tata nei. Nā ōna pānga ahurei ki te patu huakita, ki te whakatairanga tipu, me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te wai, he mea pai hei whakakapi i ngā paturopi.

1. Ngā Pānga Paturopi me te Ārai Mate
Ko te tikanga patu huakita opāhare pākawa diformateKo te nuinga o te wā, ka whakawhirinaki ki te waikawa formic me ngā katote formate i tukuna i roto i te ara nakunaku o te kararehe. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau, ina kei raro iho te pH i te 4.5, ka taea e te potassium diformate te tuku i ngā ngota waikawa formic me ngā pānga patu huakita kaha. He pānga aukati nui tēnei āhuatanga ki ngā huakita pathogenic noa i roto i ngā kararehe wai, pērā i a Aeromonas hydrophila me Edwardsiella. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā whakamātautau me te mahi pāmu kōura mā o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, ko te tāpiri i te 0.6% potassium formate hei whāngai i piki ake ai te tere oranga o ngā kōura mā te 12%-15% me te whakaiti i te mumura o te puku mā te 30%. He mea nui, ko te whai huatanga patu huakita o te potassium diformate e whakawhirinaki ana ki te horopeta, engari ko te tāpiri nui ka pā ki te reka. Ko te horopeta e taunakitia ana i te nuinga o te wā mai i te 0.5% ki te 1.2%.

2. Whakatairanga i te tipu me te hurihanga whāngai
Te pāhare pākawa waroka whakarei ake i te tipu o ngā kararehe wai mā roto i ngā huarahi maha:
-Whakaitihia te uara pH o te ara nakunaku, whakahohehia te pepsinogen, me te whakapai ake i te tere nakunaku pūmua (e whakaatu ana ngā raraunga whakamātautau ka taea te piki ake mā te 8% -10%);
-Whakakore i ngā huakita kino, whakatairanga i te tipu o ngā huakita whai hua pērā i ngā huakita waikawa lactic, me te whakapai ake i te toenga o ngā microbiota puku;
-Whakarei ake i te mimiti o ngā kohuke, inā koa te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga o ngā huānga pēnei i te konupūmā me te whākawa. I roto i te mahi pāmu kāpa, mā te tāpiri i te 1% pāhare pākawa diformate ka taea te whakanui ake i te taumaha o ia rā mā te 6.8% me te whakaiti i te whai huatanga o te whāngai mā te 0.15%. I whakaatuhia hoki e te whakamātautau ahumoana o te kōura mā o Amerika ki te Tonga he 11.3% te pikinga o te taumaha o te rōpū whakamātautau ki te whakaritea ki te rōpū whakahaere.

3. Mahi whakapai ake i te kounga wai
Ko ngā hua mutunga pākia o te pāhare pākawa waro me te wai, kāore e noho tonu i roto i te taiao ahuwhenua ika. Ka taea e tōna pānga patu huakita te whakaiti i te tukunga o ngā huakita mate i roto i ngā paru, ka whakaiti ā-kore i te kukū o te hauota haukini (NH∝∝ - N) me te nitrite (NO₂⁻) i roto i te wai. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau ko te whakamahinga o te whāngai pāhare pākawa waro i roto i ngā puna ahuwhenua ika ka whakaiti i te nui o te hauota katoa o te wai mā te 18% -22% ki te whakaritea ki te rōpū tikanga, he mea tino nui mō ngā pūnaha ahuwhenua ika kiato teitei.

4. Aromatawai haumarutanga tono
1. Haumarutanga paitini
Kua whakarārangihia te pāhare pākawa waro hei tāpiringa kai "kore toenga" e te Kotahitanga o Ūropi (nama rēhita EU E236). I whakaatuhia e te whakamātautau paitini whakapeka ko tōna LD50 ki te ika he nui ake i te 5000 mg/kg te taumaha tinana, he matū tata kore paitini. I roto i te whakamātautau iti-mau tonu 90 rā, i whāngaihia te kāpa tarutaru ki te kai kei roto te 1.5% pāhare pākawa waro (e toru ngā wā o te horopeta kua tūtohutia) me te kore he mate ate, he mate whatukuhu rānei, he huringa histopathological rānei. He mea tika kia mōhio he rerekē te manawanui o ngā kararehe wai rerekē ki te pāhare pākawa waro, ā, ko ngā parāoa (pērā i te kōura) he nui ake te manawanui i ngā ika.

2. Ngā toenga whakahaere me ngā ara pākia
Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau irahiko e whai ana i te pāhare pāporo ka taea te whakapūkara katoa i te pāhare pāporo i roto i ngā ika i roto i ngā hāora 24, ā, kāore he toenga tauira e kitea i roto i ngā uaua. Kāore tōna tukanga pāhare pāporo e whakaputa i ngā takawaenga paitini, ā, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga haumaru kai.

3. Te haumaru taiao
Ka taea te tere te pirau o te pāhare pākawa waro i roto i ngā taiao tūturu, ā, ko te haurua-ora o te 48 hāora pea (i te 25 ℃). E whakaatu ana te aromatawai mōrearea taiao kāore he pānga nui ki ngā tipu wai (pērā i a Elodea) me te plankton i raro i ngā kukū whakamahinga tikanga. Heoi, me mōhio kei roto i ngā taiao wai ngohengohe (te pakeke katoa <50 mg/L), me whakaiti tika te horopeta kia kore ai e rerekē te pH.

4. Rautaki whakamahinga ā-wā
E taunaki ana kia whakamahia i roto i ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
-He wā tino mōrearea te pāmahana nui (te pāmahana wai >28 ℃) mō ngā mate;
-Ina nui te wai i ngā wāhanga waenga me ngā wāhanga whakamutunga o te mahi ahuwhenua ika;
-I ngā wā ahotea pērā i te whakawhiti i ngā tipu ki ngā roto, te wehewehe rānei i a rātou ki ngā roto.

Te pāhare pākawa waro, me ōna mahi maha me te haumaru, kei te hanga hou i te pūnaha ārai me te whakahaere mate i roto i te mahi ahuwhenua ika.

I ngā rā kei te heke mai, me whakapakari te mahi tahi rangahau a ngā whare wānanga o te ahumahi, me whakapai ake i ngā paerewa hangarau tono, me te whakatairanga i te whakatūnga o tētahi otinga tukanga katoa mai i te whakaputa whāngai ki ngā teihana ahumoana, kia nui ake ai te mahi a tēnei tāpiri matomato ki te whakarite i te haumaru o ngā kararehe wai mete whakatairangawhanaketanga pumau.