Ko ngā surfactants he momo matū e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te oranga o ia rā me te hanga ahumahi.

Kei a rātou ngā āhuatanga o te whakaiti i te taumahatanga o te mata wai me te whakarei ake i te kaha taunekeneke i waenga i te wai me te totoka, te hau rānei.

TMAO, Waikura Trimethylamine, dihydrate, Nama CAS: 62637-93-8, he matū hohe mata, ā, he matū hohe wai, ka taea te whakamahi ki ngā taputapu horoi.

Ngā waikura ngoikore o te TMAO

Ko te waikura trimethylamine, hei waikura ngoikore, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tauhohenga matū mō te hanganga o ngā aldehydes, te waikura o ngā boranes waro, me te tukunga o ngā ligands waro mai i ngā pūhui rino carbonyl.

•  Hanganga o ngā matū horoi

E rua ngā wāhanga o ngā matū horoi wai: ngā rōpū wai-aro me ngā rōpū wai-aro. Ko te rōpū wai-aro he rōpū porotaka kei roto ngā ngota pēnei i te hāora, te hauota, te whanariki rānei he wai-aro. Ko ngā rōpū wai-aro he wāhanga wai-aro, he mea hanga mai i ngā rōpū kore-porotaka pēnei i te alkyl mekameka roa, ngā rōpū kakara rānei. Mā tēnei hanganga ka taea e ngā matū horoi wai te taunekeneke ki te wai me ngā matū wai-aro pēnei i te hinu.

•  Te tikanga mahi a ngā surfactants

Ka hangaia e ngā matū horoi he paparanga ngota i runga i te mata o ngā wai, e mōhiotia ana ko te paparanga mimiti. Ko te hanganga o te paparanga mimiti nā te hanganga o ngā here hauwai i waenga i ngā rōpū wai-aroha o ngā ngota wai-aroha me ngā ngota wai, i te wā e taunekeneke ana ngā rōpū wai-aroha ki ngā ngota hau, hinu rānei. Ka taea e tēnei paparanga mimiti te whakaiti i te taumahatanga o te mata o te wai, kia māmā ake ai te wai ki te whakamakuku i te mata totoka.

Ka taea hoki e ngā matū horoi te hanga hanganga micelle. Ina nui ake te kukū o te matū horoi i te kukū micelle matua, ka huihui ngā ngota matū horoi ki a rātou anō hei hanga micelle. He hanganga porowhita iti ngā micelle i hangaia e ngā rōpū hydrophilic e anga ana ki te wāhanga wai me ngā rōpū hydrophobic e anga ana ki roto. Ka taea e ngā micelle te whakauru i ngā matū hydrophobic pērā i te hinu, ka whakamarara i a rātou ki te wāhanga wai, kia tutuki ai ngā pānga emulsifying, dispersing, me te rewa.

• Ngā mara tono o ngā surfactants

1. Kaihoroi: Ko ngā matū horoi te wāhanga matua o ngā kaihoroi, ka taea te whakaiti i te taumahatanga o te mata o te wai, ka māmā ake te wai ki te mākū me te uru, ā, ka pai ake te pānga o te horoi. Hei tauira, kei roto i ngā kaihoroi pērā i te hopi horoi kakahu me te hopi horoi rihi ngā matū horoi katoa.

2. Ngā hua tiaki whaiaro: Ka taea e ngā matū horoi te hanga i te pahuka momona mō ngā hua tiaki whaiaro pēnei i te hopi me te wai kaukau, ka puta he hua horoi pai me te horoi.

3. Ngā Mea Whakapaipai: He mahi tā ngā matū horoi i roto i te whakaemulsifying, te horapa, me te whakau i ngā mea whakapaipai. Hei tauira, ko ngā emulsifiers me ngā mea whakamarara i roto i te lotion, te kirīmi kanohi me ngā mea whakapaipai he matū horoi.

4. Ngā patupatu me ngā tāpiringa ahuwhenua: Ka taea e ngā matū horoi te whakapai ake i te mākū me te uruhanga o ngā patupatu, te whakarei ake i ō rātou pānga mimiti me te uruhanga, me te whakarei ake i te whai huatanga o ngā patupatu.

5. Te umanga hinu me te matū: He mea nui te mahi a ngā matū horoi i roto i ngā tukanga pēnei i te tango hinu, te werohanga wai o te mara hinu, me te wehenga hinu-wai. Hei tāpiri, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā matū horoi i roto i ngā hinu whakahinuhinu, ngā aukati waikura, ngā emulsifier, me ētahi atu mara.

Whakarāpopototanga:

Ko ngā matū horoi he momo matū e kaha ana ki te whakaiti i te taumahatanga o te mata wai, me te whakarei ake i te taunekeneke i waenga i te wai me te totoka, te hau rānei. Ko tōna hanganga he mea tito mai i ngā rōpū hydrophilic me hydrophobic, ka taea te hanga paparanga adsorption me ngā hanganga micelle. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā matū horoi i roto i ngā kaihoko horoi, ngā hua tiaki whaiaro, ngā whakapaipai, ngā patupatu me ngā tāpiringa ahuwhenua, ngā ahumahi hinu me te matū, me ētahi atu mara. Mā te mārama ki ngā mātāpono matū o ngā matū horoi, ka taea e tātou te mārama ake ki ā rātou tono me ngā tikanga mahi i roto i ngā mara rerekē.