Pāhare pākawa waroKo te tāpiringa whāngai whakatairanga tipu kore-paturopi tuatahi kua whakaaetia e te Kotahitanga o Ūropi. He ranunga o te pāhare pākawa waro me te waikawa formic mā te hononga hauwai i waenga i ngā ngota. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā poaka iti me ngā poaka e tipu ana. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua o te whakamātautau whāngai he nui ake te whakanui ake i te taumaha o ngā poaka mā te tāpiri i te pāhare pākawa waro ki te kai poaka, ā, ka whakaiti i te maha o ngā mate i puta mai i te mate huakita. Ka taea hoki e te tāpiri i te pāhare pākawa waro ki te whāngai kau te whakapai ake i te hua miraka o ngā kau.

I roto i tēnei rangahau, he rerekē ngā horopeta opāhare pākawa waroi tāpirihia ki te whāngai i te Penaeus vannamei iti-pūmua, hei tūhura i tētahi kaihoko whakatairanga tipu kore-paturopi whai hua, ā, he pai hoki mō te taiao.

Ngā rauemi me ngā tikanga

1.1 whāngai whakamātautau

Kei te Ripanga 1 te tauira whāngai whakamātautau me ngā hua tātari matū. E toru ngā rōpū whāngai i roto i te whakamātautau, ā, ko te nui o te pāhare pāporo dicarboxylate he 0%, 0.8% me te 1.5%.

1.2 kōura whakamātautau

Ko te taumaha tinana tuatahi o Penaeus vannamei ko (57.0 ± 3.3) mg) C. I wehea te whakamātautau kia toru ngā rōpū, me ia rōpū e toru ngā tāruarua.

1.3 ngā wāhi whāngai

I mahia te whakatipu pāpaka i roto i ngā kete kupenga me te whakatakotoranga o te 0.8 mx 0.8 mx 0.8 M. I whakatakotoria ngā kete kupenga katoa ki roto i tētahi puna sima porowhita e rere ana (1.2 m te teitei, 16.0 m te whānui).

1.4 whakamātautau whāngai i te pāhare pākawa formate

E toru ngā rōpū kai (0%, 0.8% me te 1.5% pāhare pākawa dicarboxylate) i tohaina matapōkeretia ki ia rōpū i muri i te paunatia o te 30 ngā wahi/pouaka. Ko te nui o te whāngai he 15% o te taumaha tinana tuatahi mai i te rā 1 ki te rā 10, 25% mai i te rā 11 ki te rā 30, me te 35% mai i te rā 31 ki te rā 40. E 40 ngā rā i roa ai te whakamātautau. Ko te pāmahana wai he 22.0-26.44 ℃, ā, ko te tote he 15. I muri i ngā rā 40, i paunatia te taumaha tinana, ā, i tatauhia, ā, i tāpirihia te taumaha.

2.2 ngā hua

E ai ki te whakamātautau mō te kiato o te whakatipu kararehe, ko te kiato tino pai o te whakatipu kararehe he 30 ika/pouaka. Ko te auau oranga o te rōpū whakahaere he (92.2 ± 1.6)%, ā, ko te auau oranga o te rōpū 0.8% potassium diformate he 100%; Heoi, i heke te auau oranga o Penaeus vannamei ki te (86.7 ± 5.4)%, i te pikinga o te taumata tāpiri ki te 1.5%. I whakaatuhia anō hoki te ia o te whāngai.

3 kōrero

I roto i tēnei whakamātautau, mā te tāpiri i te pāhare pākawa waro ka taea te whakapai ake i te pikinga o te hua me te tere oranga o Penaeus vannamei i ia rā. I puta anō te whakaaro kotahi i te tāpiritanga o te pāhare pākawa waro ki te whāngai poaka. I whakaūtia he pai ake te pānga o te tāpiritanga o te 0.8% pāhare pākawa waro ki te whāngai kōura o Penaeus vannamei ki te whakatairanga tipu. I tūtohu a Roth et al. (1996) i te tāpiritanga kai tino pai ki te whāngai poaka, arā, 1.8% ki te whāngai tīmatanga, 1.2% ki te whāngai whakamutu me te 0.6% ki ngā poaka e tipu ana me te whakaoti.

Ko te take e taea ai e te pāhare pākawa waro te whakatairanga i te tipu, nā te mea ka taea e te pāhare pākawa waro te tae atu ki te taiao puku ngoikore-kawa mā te whāngai i te puku o te kararehe i roto i te āhua katoa, ka pirau aunoa ki te waikawa formic me te formate, e whakaatu ana i te pānga bacteriostatic me te bactericidal kaha, ka puta te āhua "koretake" o te ara puku o te kararehe, ā, e whakaatu ana i te pānga whakatairanga tipu.